Networks and the web
TCP/IP and Ports: How Services Listen on Your Machine
A port is a numbered door on your machine. Learn how TCP and UDP use ports, then start, find and test a local server on 127.0.0.1.
Beginner12 min read
Networks and the web
IP, DNS, HTTP and TLS: how a request travels and where it can be read or changed.
Networks and the web
How HTTP Works: Requests, Responses, Headers and Status Codes
Read a real HTTP exchange line by line: methods, URLs, headers, status code classes and cookies, tested with curl against a local server.
Beginner11 min read
Networks and the web
What Is TLS? How HTTPS Protects Traffic
TLS 1.3 gives HTTPS confidentiality, integrity and server authentication. Learn the handshake, certificate chains and what the padlock does not prove.
Beginner11 min read
Networks and the web
What Is DNS? How Domain Names Turn into IP Addresses
How DNS turns names into addresses: resolvers, authoritative servers, TTL caching, the A, AAAA, CNAME, MX and TXT records, and a safe lookup.
Beginner5 min read
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